Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Performance Evaluations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Evaluations - Assignment Example But if he is frustrated with his job, he will develop a negative attitude which would be reflected in his behavior and low motivation and productivity levels. Whenever a new supervisor is appointed, it is crucial to provide him training not only of his specified job position but also of the important aspects of performance management systems. Filling out a performance appraisal form is critical to the growth of each and every employee and any mistake could lead to serious consequences for him. The supervisor must be aware of every section of the performance appraisal form so that fair evaluation of each of his subordinates can be ensured. In light of this discussion, I recommend imparting a training session to Jill Best so that he can evaluate the employees fairly and with clear understanding of each constituent of the performance appraisal form. As per the rules and regulations laid down by O’Leary and law, every employee of the company has to be appraised irrespective of age, gender, race or color. I believe that you have shown good performance during the last twenty three years but it still needs be evaluated. Chances are that you might have been performing 4 in one area but we cannot be sure that this time it will remain on the same level-it can go up to 5 or come down to 3. Your consistently excellent performance can even get you to act as a mentor and leader to those who are at the beginning of their career ladder. It must be communicated via emails or brochures to all the employees of the company that they all need to undergo evaluation. Even the top most managers are evaluated by the board of directors. It doesn’t matter how long the employee is serving the company, he or she has to follow the rules and get appraised. It is the result of performance evaluation that the employee’s strengths and weaknesses are identified. If an employee is lacking knowledge in an area, training can be

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Horror of the Salem Witch Trials

The Horror of the Salem Witch Trials Delia Peterson Would you ever die for what you believe? In 1692, many people had no other choice but to do just that. The belief in magic and spells was introduced by Native American and African slaves in New England. Many who practiced this were accused of witchcraft. Salem, Massachusetts was the sight of many witch trials and perhaps the most well-known, but other villages held them too such as Andover, Massachusetts; Fairfield, Connecticut; and other places in New England (Historical Witches, n.p.). Historians have analyzed the accusations and hearings of the Salem Witch Trials, and have since observed possible causes of the hysteria. It all started when Betty Parris, the daughter of Puritan minister, Samuel Parris, and his niece, Abigail Williams, experimented with magic and witchcraft (Salem Witch, n.p.). They began twitching, screaming, and not speaking, so a doctor diagnosed the girls with being under the spell of a witch (Currie, 7-8). Samuel Parris pressured the girls to identify the perpetrator. They named Tituba, their slave, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn. The latter two, who were outcasts and did not attend church regularly, declared their innocence, but Good accused Osborn. Tituba originally pleaded innocent, but eventually told the officials of her dealings with the devil (Britannica School Salem witch, n.p.). What followed was a witch hunt, as the girls went on a spree of identifying witches, even pointing the finger at a former minister. Newly identified and confessed witches then turned around and named more witches. By the time the uproar had quieted down, 156 people sat in prison, charged as witches. Then trials were held by a panel of untrained judges, trying people who were forced to defend themselves without lawyers (Salem witch, n.p.). The trials took a year to complete, only stopping when accusations extended to well respected members of the community. The accused were convicted using spectral evidence, which is claims by victims that the defendants Satanic form attacked them. As, each witch testified, the victims seemed to have fits in the crowd, giving the judges enough evidence to believe that person is guilty (Britannica School Salem witch, n.p.). The judges also allowed a touch test, and if the accused persons touch stopped the victims contortions, their demonic presence was confirmed. Other forms of evidence was allowed such as examining people for witch marks and accepting gossip, hearsay, and stories (The Witchcraft, n.p.). If someone confessed (or confessed and named others), they were spared as it was thought they would receive their punishment from God. Those who declared their innocence did not have it so easy, becoming martyrs to their own sense of justice (Britannica School Salem witch, n.p.). It was thought a witch could not recite the Lords Prayer perfectly, yet an ex-minister did so but was still hanged. Using these methods, 19 people were hanged that year. An additional eight people died in prison, and one man was pressed to death by a heavy board. Over 200 townspeople were accused of being witches by the young girls between June and September of 1692. (Currie 37-38). When the accusations extended to his own wife, the governor stopped the trials and established a court that accepted only concrete evidence. There, the rest of the accused were pardoned by the governor (Britannica School Salem witch, n.p.). Historians have turned to many different reasons for so many people to believe the claims of the girls. Many believe that in transitioning from one governor to the next, Salem was in the midst of many social issues. The former governor had done nothing to stop the worsening of the hysteria, and while the new leader tried to step in and conduct fair trials, he unearthed a law causing the death penalty to be inflicted on those practicing witchcraft, a capital punishment. Betty Parriss involvement was attributed to her fear of having disobeyed the laws of her religion as her father was a minister (Salem Witch, n.p.). There is also a theory that ergotism was present in Salem during this time, and is what caused mass hysteria. Ergot grows on cereal grain, and in this case, it would have been rye which the people relied heavily on. It causes a poisoning that is most common in women and children (Ergotism, n.p.). One type of ergotism, or long term ergot poisoning causes hallucinations, delu sions, muscle contractions or convulsions, and shaking, all of which were reported in Salem. All the facts add up, and the weather at that time was warm and damp which is perfect for ergot to thrive (Ergot Theory, n.p.). There are many other theories, but no one knows for sure if any of them are the real cause of the frenzy. The accusations and trials have led to many theories about the possible reasons for the delusions in Salem around 1692. Many people wonder how the judges were able to convict so many without concrete evidence or why the governor did not stop it until it was too late. It has taught us a lot about our countrys history and about the many mistakes we made. Those trials led to the first amendment which is freedom of religion. Nowadays, the government cannot persecute anyone for what religion they practice or for what they believe. We need to respect others and their beliefs even if they are different from us. We know now that we should not be afraid to stand up for what we believe, and not conform to what society tells us because it is not always right. Work Cited Caporael, Linnda R. Ergotism: the Satan loosed in Salem. Science, 1976. science.sciencemag.org. 16 Jan. 2017. Carlson, Marc. Historical Witches and Witchtrials in North America. personal.utulsa.edu. Accessed 5 Jan. 2017. Currie, Stephen. The Salem Witch Trials. San Diego: KidHaven Press, 2002. K, Anna. Ergot Theory Could Clear Accused Witches. The Salem Journal: The Aftermath Witches Remise. 2012. people.ucls.uchicago.edu. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017. Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692. Famous American Trials. law2.umkc.edu. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017. Salem witch trials. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Jan. 2016. school.eb.com. Accessed 15 Jan. 2017. Salem Witch Trials. Research in Context, Gale, 2016. Research in Context, go.galegroup.com. Accessed 4 Nov. 2016.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Suffering in Harriet Wilsons Our Nig Essay -- essays research papers

Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig is a novel that presents the harshness of racial prejudice during the 19th century combined with the traumas of abandonment. The story of Frado, a once free-spirited mulatto girl abandoned by her white mother, unfolds as she develops into a woman. She is faced with all the abuse and torment that Mrs. Belmont, the antagonist, could subject her to. Still she survives to obtain her freedom. Through the events and the accounts of Frado’s life the reader is left with a painful reality of the lives of indentured servants. Though the novel is not told from Frado’s perspective, her story becomes more sympathizing and sentimental from a third person narrative. Wilson uses her supporting characters to express Frado’s emotions and to show her development. Through her style, the reader becomes more aware of the Belmont family and society’s prejudices through how they react to Frado’s suffering. For instance Aunt Abby, one of the more sympathizing characters, says â€Å"we found a seat under a shady tree, and there I took the opportunity to combat the notions she seemed to entertain respecting the loneliness of her condition and want of sympathizing friends† (54). While Aunt Abby makes an effort to console Frado, there is no real sympathy in her words. They are mechanical and rehearsed. Aunt Abby does not genuinely care for Frado but she does pity her situation. Unlike Aunt Abby, James offers a more sincere regard for Frado. He buys her a puppy and often protects her from his mother’s brutal thrashings. He even intends to bring her home with him to live. He does not possess the indifference of his father or the cowardice of his sister, Jane. Being one of the few characters who emits a genuine aura of concern James i... ...mont’s but is sadly disappointed by her unfortunate state in the end of the novel. Slave narratives are not meant to be uplifting but this story brings depressive reading to a whole new level. Frado’s story is one of unrelenting abuse and pain. Through Wilson’s style the reader understands every point of view and especially the views of prejudice and racism. The title â€Å"Our Nig† relates one of the most insulting realities of Frado’s existence. She was property in a sense. Her labor and her efforts were equated to those of a horse that could be broken when necessary. Frado’s encounters and relationships further distinguish this novel from other slave narratives. This story shows what society and what the human spirit is capable of. People can cause the immense suffering of others but People can also rise up from the depths of despair and overcome great obstacles.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Dental Hygienist †Reflection Paper Essay

Abstract The convoluted way in which having good oral hygiene and how much it can impact one’s body has never lost my interest. When researching, I have read it is most common to get oral cancer And/or Periodontal Disease when not taking care of one’s self. Those are just two important things to remember when taking care of you orally. I want to have a career where I can teach people to take care of themselves and to prevent from these happening. Often times, people lean more to a career that fits only one of the traits, me on the other hand, I want a career that will not only suit me for most but have an adventure. Of course when picking a career, you focus on the pay, but the big thing is to know that you will love your job. There are so many people in this world those great jobs such as Doctors, Lawyers, and Veterinarian’s and on. You hear from most that they absolutely hate their jobs. Who wants to wake up and dread to go to work? I want to wake up and be giddy to arr ive at work. It is wonderful to think you will learn about people in all ages, ethnicity, teach them about Oral Hygiene, or refresh there memories on how important it is to keep up with it. Every time I go into get a cleaning the whole Dental practice never seizes to amaze me. Everyone is so happy and helpful. You can tell they love what they do. Although, most people wonder why one person would want to spend the rest of their life working in people’s mouths, I think of it so much more than that. It is such a neat feeling knowing you can wake up excited to do what you have dreamed about your whole life. Since being a first generation college student in my family, I had no one teach me about the simplicity of education. The one thing I know is that since high school, it is something about the medical field that interested me. I took Career Explorations and it really helped what field I wanted to go for when studying in the medical field, particularly Dental Hygiene. What really caught my eye was that you get to help people and teach them.  This is one of my best interests. One of the struggles for me was not enrolling into college straight out of high school. Over the years I have looked at it as having time in researching in which career best fits me. First, you begin to look online, on how to become a Dental Hygienist, take a look on what are the first things you must do. In Arizona, there are many Community Colleges and a University that offer prerequisites and the Dental Hygiene program such as Rio Salado, Phoenix College, Carrington College and Northern Arizona University. The lowest degree you can get in this degree is an Associate’s Degree and the highest in a Bachelors degree. Hygienists typically need an Associate’s Degree in Dental Hygiene. Bachelor’s degrees in dental hygiene are also available, but are less common. A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree is usually required for research, teaching, or clinical practice in public or school health programs. High school students interested in becoming dental hygienists should take courses in biology, chemistry, and mathematics. Some Dental Hygiene programs also require applicants to have completed at least 1 year of college. Specific entrance requirements vary by school. Most schools offer laboratory, clinical, and classroom instruction. Hygienists study anatomy, physiology, nutrition, radiography, and Period ontology, which is the study of gum disease. (BLS 2014) To become a Dental Hygienist, it takes a lot of skills to be one. The important skills to have in this job is being Detail oriented, speaking, active listening, critical thinking, judgment and decisions making, compassion, patience, multitasking skills, coordination and physical stamina. In modern world, there are so many people that couldn’t stand not going to the dentist ever again. They depend on them to keep up with the oral hygiene, clean their teeth and get X-rays. From Dental Assistants to Dental Hygienists and Dentists, they are always willing to help you. People in the dentist office always advise to you how important it is to keep up with regular cleanings at least twice a year, and brush and floss your teeth daily. If you do not take care of your teeth, it could lead to bad things like oral cancer and Periodontal Disease. The Dental Hygienists are the  ones to help you prevent these things from happening. If you ask any person in this field if they enjoy their job, I know most would say yes. There is nothing more than a better feeling wake up every day knowing you are going to help someone. Although this career takes a lot of skills and education, it is worth it in the end. Most hygienists are aware that there are ‘better’ jobs out th ere that make a good amount of money, (a lot more than theirs) they would not trade it for anything else. Of course this is why it is such a growing field. This really shows that they truly love what they do. If there are any traits or skills listed above that fits you then this may be your career of choice. Over the years since researching this field, I have learned so much from it. There is good pay, they are flexible with you if you have a family and want to work part time. I think this job is perfect for anyone honestly. This is such a dynamic job to have. There are some things you must research before going into this job. How long does it take for? you to become a Dental Hygienist, what is the pay and availability in your area, and what is the total cost of the program. Although these may be stressful things to think about, but is very important to look into these things before going into this career. (ONETOONLINE, 2014) The level degree to pursue my career of choice is Associates Degree. I plan to continue to attend Glendale Community College to achieve my prerequisites and once I’m done with those, I will be attending Phoenix College for the Hygiene program. I have heard that this is one of the best schools to attend if you are looking to get a basic and quick degree in your interest. The advantages of the program is interacting with people, learning in depth about oral hygiene, and learning how to operate the X-Ray machines. The disadvantages is not knowing if it will be a promising career, hearing from stories. Although, living in Arizona, it is a great career to get into. The average earning/wages $81,470 per year ($39.17 hourly). Where I see myself in 10 years is being very happy and content with life. I can see myself a wonderful job, being married and having a family. I see that I won’t be struggling with money and not living paycheck to paycheck. It’s never a good feelin g not knowing how come up with the money for an owed bill. I also see myself living in California. It is  pricey living there, but there is so much to do there. The Dentistry field is high in demand there, so that one positive thing to think about living there. (SALARIES-BY-THE-CITY.ORG, 2014) There are many things to think about before making this step, but it is also an exciting time in your life. You are doing this to better yourself. You are picking a career that best fits you and what YOU want to do. Not what someone else wants you to do? This is the reason why I am choosing this. I have spent many years researching and now I am more than ready to begin. It is an awesome feeling that I will be helping and teaching others. Every day I go to college, I think to myself that I am a step closer in doing what I love best. And I am so excited to be going to school and pursuing my degree in Dental Hygiene. References: Dental Hygiene Program, (2014) http://www.phoenixcollege.edu/academics/programs/dental-hygiene/award/dental-hygiene-aas Summary Report for Dental Hygienists, (2014) http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/29-2021.00 Dental Hygienists Salary and Wages, (2014) http://salaries-by-city.findthedata.org/l/7003/Dental-Hygienists Dental Hygienist Careers and Education Tracks http://www.allalliedhealthschools.com/health-careers/article/how-to-become-dental-hygienist?utm_medium=sem&utm_source=goo&utm_campaign=gen_DenHyg_ahs_gen_ns_sea_eng&utm_content=ACT-1312013-A&cid=11&KTID=54e951fc-dd0b-de88-bbb5-0000009e85f7&gclid=CLjSocH6v70CFUqUfgodNKcAMw

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Introduction of Company

Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market.We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmental ly benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents.We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts.There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco -friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items.We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence. Introduction of Company Introduction of Company De Famous Trading Company is a new establishment and located in Klang, Selangor. Our company was founded in July 2011 and established with a fully computerized inventory system to provide more efficient services to all the valued customers. Strict operation process, careful inspection and high quality service with competitive prices enable us to win the long term business relationships from all customers. Our aim is to become a leading supplier of stationery in the international market.We are also working to provide services to companies and be the supplying man power to many renowed universities in Selangor area. We are striving to provide better price and better service to our customers. In terms of nature business, De Famous Trading Company is always stick to the quotes on ‘Going green’ for inspiration and motivation to change. We are one of the companies who supply green stationery and office products. We select products that are environmental ly benign or have environmental advantages over the standard stationery equivalents.We have a unique range of products. Many new Green products are showcased by manufacturers in our Green catalogue before they become available to the normal office supply companies. Our company owners have gained experience in both areas before venturing into the business, including relevant areas such as managing and accounting. Our staff are knowledgeable and willing to give you advice on individual products and their wider impacts.There are five of us in the office, and the hours are flexible, so that staff can lead full lives as artists, campaigners, and occasionally normal people. We all get a say in how the company runs, and working life is generally relaxed, and has the tendency to meander into rambling discussions about deep ecology and the meaning of life. All our customers give positive feedback with our goods and serives since our establisment. We offer the best prices and discounts on eco -friendly stationery and do not charge a premium for green items.We are also a mine of information on the green office and we can untangle most of the competing environmental claims made by manufacturers. Green purchasing is an essential element in reducing the huge amount of waste generated by our disposable consumer culture, endemic in most standard offices. We aim to maintain business practices consistent with the goals of sustaining our fragile environment for future generations, within a culture that respects life and honours its interdependence.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Manhattan Project essays

The Manhattan Project essays In 1939 and research into atomic energies was progressing at a frightening pace, and the world was in turmoil. At this time in history the imagined immediate and long term consequences of allowing an overtly aggressive regime to gain such a powerful technological advantage lead Albert Einstein to draft a letter to President Roosevelt informing him that powerful bombs could potentially be developed utilizing the strong forces present at sub-atomic levels (Einstein 1). In an effort to evaluate the possibilities Einstein proposed Roosevelt formed a special committee to conduct preliminary research on the military implications of atomic energies and offered grants to private researchers ("August 1939"). By 1942 pressure was mounting in what seemed to be a race to develop an atomic bomb. Russia, Germany, France, and even Japan were on the hunt to be the first countries to get the upper hand in atomic technology ("The Story of the Atomic Bomb"). In September 1942 Roosevelt created The Manhattan Project (officially: The Manhattan Engineer District) which moved control of the research from the public sector to the United States Army. The project was named after the location of Columbia University within New York City where a majority of the preliminary research was conducted ("Why Was the Manhattan Project Called That?"). The first controlled nuclear chain reaction occurred in a room under the stands of the abandoned University of Chicago stadium in December 1942 ("Genesis: The Chicago Pile"). Within two years, the Manhattan Project would successfully test the world's first atomic bomb in the deserts of New Mexico. The success of the Manhattan Project gave the United States the upper hand not only in bringing World War II to a close, but also in the post-war world where conventional methods of total war were forever altered. ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Content Quality and Quantity Are the Cause of Wikipedias Woes

Content Quality and Quantity Are the Cause of Wikipedias Woes Content Quality and Quantity Are the Cause of Wikipedia’s Woes Content Quality and Quantity Are the Cause of Wikipedia’s Woes By Mark Nichol Recent coverage of Wikipedia has pointed out that the collaborative online encyclopedia is in trouble. What’s up? It’s all about production. When Wikipedia was launched in 2001, it attracted many people who found the idea of a user-generated Web resource akin to The Encyclopedia Britannica highly appealing. Since then, multitudes of people have contributed to more than 19 million articles in nearly 300 languages, including almost 4 million items in English. And many more people have taken it upon themselves to continuously refine Wikipedia. That’s one of its greatest strengths: Unlike print encyclopedias, which must wait until the release of a new edition to offer new entries and updates to existing ones, Wikipedia’s massive trove of information is being increased and improved constantly. But as Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales recently admitted, the pace of progress is slowing. The problem, it seems, is that many contributors are timing out. Wikipedia, operated by the not-for-profit Wikimedia Foundation, is a volunteer enterprise. Writers and editors are not paid for their time. And now, ten years after Wikipedia’s launch, many of those contributors have moved on with their lives. (Another reason many Wikipedia writers have given for bailing out is that some of the site’s volunteer editors, displaying the all-too-common combination of ignorance and arrogance, clumsily compromise the quality of their work.) An additional challenge is that the longtime contributors who remain, and the newcomers who have logged on more recently, are running out of things to write about. Some late-nineteenth-century scientists have earned everlasting opprobrium for their unimaginative declarations that thanks to their manifold discoveries and those of their contemporaries, no new science of any significance would be done in the future. Just as we’ve learned a thing or two about the universe since the late 1800s, however, there will always be new material for Wikipedia, but the momentum is waning, and the number of contributors is declining. Wikipedia has its weaknesses: Both because of and despite its open collaborative nature, factual errors occur (though they’re often caught quickly) and opinions intrude (again, usually not for long). And it doesn’t take too much time on the site to determine that the writing quality varies tremendously. Though Wikipedia claims that studies show its accuracy to be comparable to that of venerable print resources like The Encyclopedia Britannica, it cannot deny that the overall writing quality is much inferior. It’s still a brilliant idea triumphantly realized, and I resort to it often in my work, but it’s something else as well, something that earns it a mention on this Web site: It’s an object lesson in how not to run an editorial enterprise. Call me old-fashioned, but I’d have a great deal more respect for Wikipedia if it rested securely on the foundation of professional writers and editors who are subject-matter experts (or at least highly skilled generalist writers whose expert editors catch any problems with the accuracy of the content). That was the idea behind its predecessor, the professionally developed free encyclopedia Nupedia, of which Wikipedia was originally merely an offshoot. Why has hardly anyone heard of Nupedia? Because it tanked. Why? As the result of a rigorous review process that, partly because only the editor in chief, Larry Sanger, was salaried, proceeded at a glacial pace. Good writing and editing takes time and effort and expense. Great editorial work requires even more expenditure. Nupedia died, and Wikipedia lives, but even many of those who champion the latter acknowledge that its value is as a starting point for locating authoritative information as a means to an end, rather than an end in and of itself. If you want high-quality content well written, impartial, and authoritative you almost invariably have to pay for it. As Wikipedia has learned, there’s no such thing as a free launch. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?1,462 Basic Plot Types

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace

Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace In today’s digital world, people seem to overlook writing skills as something that’s not as important as a strong resume. While that may be the case for some professions, effective paper writing and expressing your thoughts in a clear and cohesive way will get you far and beyond your peers. What is it that makes good writing such a necessity in today’s average workplace? How do I get better at writing? The short answer to attaining good paper writing skills is to read; a lot. Reading is the best way to expand your vocabulary and knowledge of different styles of writing and tones of voice. It’s a subconscious process that requires you to invest time to work on your writing skills before you even start writing.W Once you do start writing, it’s all about trial-and-error. You will make mistakes at first and that’s a part of the process. What’s important is to keep track of these mistakes and use them to write better the next time. There are numerous tutorials and guides on how to write and format specific documents in order to make your paper writing as presentable as it can be. The fact of the matter is that you are never too old, or too young to start developing your writing skills. Be sure to take time and study these formats and styles, since you won’t have so much free time once you are actually employed and use your writing on a daily basis. Good writing helps you get a job Before even talking about why writing skills are important at your workplace, let’s talk about applying for a job. Good essay writing skills will help you craft an amazing motivational letter that will help you not only express your future goals but also help you introduce yourself to your future employer. Not only does good writing help you express yourself, it also shows the employer that you have a good grasp of English and that you can use proper formatting, grammar and proofread your writing. There’s nothing worse than submitting a job application only to later find out that you didn’t proofread it and it’s full of errors. There are services online that can help you make your writing the best there is, but like any other skill, it takes time and patience to perfect. You will be happy for every minute you spend honing your writing skills however, since they are the best way to make a good first impression on your future employer. Writing skills help you progress faster Like your job application, what you do after you are hired speaks as much volume about you. The moment you start answering mail, writing papers and reports and basically doing any kind of written communication inside or outside your workplace, your writing skills will begin to show. What you show at this point is up to you, and it is highly advised that you work on your writing skills as much as possible. Exhibiting the same professional and thorough approach to paper writing will help your bosses notice you. This way you can progress up the structural ladder in your company or firm much faster, since you’re obviously a professional worker looking for ways to advance further and have more responsibility. Your paper writing skills in corporate world will speak volumes about who you are and give credibility to every word you write. People are much more likely to trust and follow a person with good writing skills than someone who can’t even properly format his e-mail. You need to be aware that in corporate world, many of your colleagues won’t see you eye-to-eye except on breaks and occasional coffee sessions. This means that they will communicate with you via mail, messages and official company correspondence. It is imperative that you use proper writing skills when you conduct this type of communication. Writing helps you develop leadership skills Any manager or executive will tell you that writing skills directly affect the way you lead people. Like we’ve mentioned, you will conduct most of your communication indirectly, and since this is the case, proper paper writing skills are essential in leading a team of people. Good writing skills will help you delegate assignments and manage your people a lot easier since you will be clear and concise in your correspondences. The biggest mistake you can make is not pay attention to the briefing you are writing for your employees. This can lead to confusion, creative and productive bottlenecks or in worst cases, loss of revenue. One misinterpreted sentence will cause you lots of trouble and back-and-forth, so make sure that your writing skills are on par with the position that you are filling. Good writing will also help you develop strong critical and objective thinking towards your people. You will give clear feedback on how to improve their workflow, motivate them to accomplish their tasks in a timely manner and best of all, writing skills will help you listen. That’s right. Often an employee will come to you with a problem. Be it personal or professional, it’s up to you to respond. You need to know what to say and when to say it. If your writing skills are good, you will know exactly how to respond and help your employee get back on track with their work.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

The Linked of Democracy and Reason Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Linked of Democracy and Reason - Essay Example Therefore, the idea of democracy and reason are tightly linked and inseparable, since they affect human life concurrently. This is because in life man has to reason in order to make choices, since there is freedom of choice (among other human rights). An individual who believes in democracy also believes in the existence and need for proper reason in the society. The connection between the two notions is displayed in various scenarios as explained below. The Theban Messenger selects the extreme way to address his point on democracy. He likes the manner his boss rules people and considers it the perfect way to lead. He asserts that Theseus practices despotism. However, Theseus explains him the kind of leadership on his land where every person regardless of the social status is accorded an opportunity to rule yearly and in succession (Euripides 2). Thus, the city is not ruled by one person but by different people on a yearly basis. After being informed of the type of leadership in Theb es, the Theban herald describes the leadership style of King Creon. One person rules the country at a time, and no one is allowed to campaign and issue promises in order to be elected. Moreover, Creon does not allow the citizens to be twisted or used to one’s advantage. ... Theseus responds to the claims by asserting that the master of the herald practices despotism since there are no laws to be applied by everyone apart from the ruler, thus there is no democracy (Euripides 2). However, when such laws are written down, everybody respects and follows them, thereby ensuring equal justice. Moreover, the tyrant leader feels jealous of the young people and even kills them for fear of challenging his rule. Moreover, Theseus seeks to know the benefit of parents toiling for their kids while the king later kills them, thus enjoying the toil of the parents. Consequently, how can parents keep their virgin daughters when a tyrant king can rape them whenever he likes. Moreover, he wonders at the logic of raising children when a parent cannot protect them from destruction by the king. He concludes by claiming that he would prefer death if his children were treated in a similar manner (Euripides 2). Even though he might be having correct assertions, the Theban Messeng er should acknowledge the existence several ways of dealing with the issues he has raised concerning the subjects of his boss. For instance, he claims that the subjects lack proper education, which can aid them in making proper judgments (Euripides 2). However, the king can assist them by ensuring that everyone is accorded free and compulsory education, thereby ensuring that they make proper judgments on governance and democracy in their land. Consequently, he asserts that the subjects normally come from work when they are tired due to the strenuous time at work and thus, cannot participate in voting for leaders. However, the situation can be rectified by declaring the voting day a public holiday. This will ensure

Friday, October 18, 2019

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 77

Summary - Essay Example The Gallop Poll of 2011 shows just 26% for handgun ban. The issue with the thinkers is whether gun control can stop tendencies for violence. Whereas the arguments and counterarguments continue amongst various bodies concerned with controlling gun and violence, the measure does not get the legal support. â€Å"With a 5-4 decision in the District of Columbia v. Heller case heard by the Supreme Court in 2008, the court’s new reading of the Second Amendment indicates that handguns cannot be banned even at the local level because there is an individual right to handguns in the home for self-defense.†(Ryan, n. p.) This seals the issue in favor of keeping the handguns. The other method suggested is health screening of the people and the background check from the â€Å"federally licensed dealers.†(Ryan, n.p.) This suggestion is good in theory but its implementation is not practicable. One can easily buy the â€Å"gun from a private seller.†(Ryan, n. p.) But the suggestion to ban AR-15 type assault rifles merits consideration, as these types of weapons have role for civilian purposes. Congress did ban 9 types of semi-automatic weapons in 1994 and the â€Å"ban expired in 2004 and was not renewed.†(Ryan, n.p.) Going by the General Survey there is a marked reduction in gun related crimes all over the country in the last 40 years. But the Church is deeply concerned about gun trafficking and suggests that the members of the community should exercise moral authority to educate the people about the gun culture and finally guns should have no place in a society governed on moral principles. The faith community has the responsible and c onstructive role to play in this

Contract and Patent Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract and Patent Law - Assignment Example public, nor its components and usage described in a publication for a period of one year before the invention, nor offered for sale for a period of one year, before the filing for a patent (Cheeseman, 2011). The other rule guiding the granting of a patent is the fact that the invention must be useful and able to perform the intended purpose. Additionally, the invention should not be exactly similar to a pre-existing product (Cheeseman, 2011). However, an improvement on a previously existing product that is non-obvious is also patentable. Thus, based on Billy’s Towrack invention, it is patentable since the invention is useful for carrying sporting equipment, it is a non-obvious improvement from the already existing tows in that it is lighter and has only the single wheel. Thus, Billy can successfully obtain a patent for this device. 2. Under the requirements of the trademark laws, a symbol, a word or a name can only be registered as a trademark if it is able to differentiate the products or services offered by one entity from those offered by others. The symbol or the name used should not be confusing to the consumers, to an extent of not knowing the difference between one product and the other (Cheeseman, 2011). Additionally, the symbols and names used should not be similar to those of an already existing product, and neither should they be deceptive on the sides of the consumers. Based on the name used by Billy for his invented device, Towrack is just but a general name, which does not serve to differentiate the device from the common ones of its kind. Thus, Billy may not obtain a trademark by using this name to identify his product, since it is not distinctive to the consumers.

Arguement-memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguement-memo - Essay Example You will note from my discussion that after intensive research on this debate I arrived at the conclusion that much, if not most opposition stems from a few who in a sense are praying on vulnerable consumers by appealing to their sense of ethics and frightening them using science, when in reality they are attacking the multinational companies involved in the production of GM crops. I recommend that multinationals take stock of Monsanto’s pledge which proposes advocating five commitments: respect, transparency, dialogue, sharing, and benefits. By doing so they will be better equipped to curb opposing assumptions and hearsay and at the same time better equip consumers to make their own judgments and make up their own minds as to the safety and whether they consume GM food. GM food has incited intense open debate, extensive scientific dialogue and widespread media coverage. This memo will summarize the pros and cons of the issue, address the main strengths and weaknesses of both sides and wrap up with three or four recommendations. Although there has been an enormous amount of information on the possible benefits of GM food supplied by scientists and other specialists, and authorities, there is fervent consumer opinion that genetically modified (GM) food yields, could lead to unfavorable results in a variety of areas. Arguments have focused on the â€Å"health implications and environmental impact of cultivating GM crops and have raised disputes over national interests, global policy, and corporate agendas.† (Hsin, 2002, para.1) Although there are a number of facets to this dispute, it should be kept in the perspective of scientific evidence, together with a vigilant consideration of agricultural potential now and in the future. Proponents of GM food claim they are more nutritious and aesthetically pleasing as well as possessing a longer shelf life allowing more time for administration and transportation. They purport that GM crops undergo

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Hobby, some sport activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hobby, some sport activity - Essay Example The most popular cricketer in the world at the present is Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar who has attained the attention of the Indian populace as they believe he is their God and hence they follow each and every move of his. The game is professionally played in a few countries, most important of which are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, England, India, Kenya, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, an amalgamation of Central American states by the cricketing name of West Indies and Zimbabwe. Many people play it as a hobby because it gives them satisfaction and the me-too feeling that they can copy actions of cricketers is an emotional attachment. Some play it because they can relate to the game while others just play because it is their favorite pastime. Then again, there are the young ones who play cricket in the form of online cricket games, while some manage cricket teams through video programs which essentially link them with this game in one way or the other. The game of cricket is a bat and ball game which is played at 11 a side (players on each team). The field is a circle which has a pitch (also called the wicket) measuring 22 yards from one end to another formed in a rectangular fashion. Each team takes its turn to bat a quota of certain overs and then the other team bats. When one team bats, the other one fields and vice versa (Quester 1998). There are two on field umpires who supervise a match at all times. There is also a third umpire who sits with the match referee who in turn oversee the match proceedings. The game of cricket is governed by the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has its headquarters in Dubai, the famous city of the United Arab Emirates. Formerly, it was based in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The laws of cricket are taken care of by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) whereas there are Standard Playing Conditions for Test Matches, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 matches. Incidentally, these three forms of cric ket are the ones that are played by professionals all over the world, and especially in the countries mentioned above. Cricket is played both by men and women. The ICC takes care of both the men’s teams and the women’s teams that are put forward by the individual nations – all of which come under the auspices of the ICC. It is mandatory for all the member nations to comply with the rules and policies as laid down by the ICC so that there are proper standards which are in place as far as the playing conditions, doping issues and other factors are related (Level 1 Coaching Course 2013). Having a uniform set of rules means that the ICC has more control over the member nations and the game of cricket as a whole prospers as there is a parent body that has complete command and control regarding the sport. Cricket has always been historical in terms of its age and grandeur within England. It is due to this reason that its headquarters was in London until the 2000s. The English hold the rights for this sport mainly because they were the ones who started playing it for the first time. The first Test Match was played between England Australia back in the late 1880s. The first One Day International Match was played similarly between these two arch rivals in 1971 and the trend continued so on (Harrison 1999). Cricket has been able to make its mark just a single time –

Cultural dversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural dversity - Essay Example One of the demographic changes in United States organization is the increase in immigration. The United States has a higher incidence of immigration than any other country in the world. For example, in 2002 alone, over a million people moved into the U.S from. Of these, the biggest percentage came from Mexico with China closely following. It is important for any organization to understand the effects of immigration. Immigration has the ability of changing a countrys demographic composition, thus affecting the culture. For any organization such as The American Red Cross, immigration serves to increase the amount supply of labor especially for less-skilled occupations. With the increased labor supply, the organization wages and salary policy is affected. The company would therefore, offer lower wages for employees in low-paying less-skilled occupations. Because of the job competition brought about by the immigrants, it is not a surprise to see the less educated workers having a negativ e view of the immigrants hence conflicts in the organization (Mankiw, 1998). Increase in the birthrate would also affect the organization in various ways. Currently, the US is experiencing a low birth rate across all races or ethnic groups. In recent decades, especially from 1990, the birth rate has registered a decline. For example, the birth rate for a Latina woman dropped from 3.0 in 1990 to 2.4 in 2010 (Lerman and Schmidt,1999, p.2). The other racial groups show similar results over the period. A future increase in birth rates will lead to an increase in population growth. A proportionate increase in the supply of the labor force accompanies such rapid population growth. This implies that the rate of job creation should match the rate of labor supply in United States. However, the rate of labor supply outstrips that of job creation. This shows that the quantity of individuals looking

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Hobby, some sport activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hobby, some sport activity - Essay Example The most popular cricketer in the world at the present is Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar who has attained the attention of the Indian populace as they believe he is their God and hence they follow each and every move of his. The game is professionally played in a few countries, most important of which are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, England, India, Kenya, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, an amalgamation of Central American states by the cricketing name of West Indies and Zimbabwe. Many people play it as a hobby because it gives them satisfaction and the me-too feeling that they can copy actions of cricketers is an emotional attachment. Some play it because they can relate to the game while others just play because it is their favorite pastime. Then again, there are the young ones who play cricket in the form of online cricket games, while some manage cricket teams through video programs which essentially link them with this game in one way or the other. The game of cricket is a bat and ball game which is played at 11 a side (players on each team). The field is a circle which has a pitch (also called the wicket) measuring 22 yards from one end to another formed in a rectangular fashion. Each team takes its turn to bat a quota of certain overs and then the other team bats. When one team bats, the other one fields and vice versa (Quester 1998). There are two on field umpires who supervise a match at all times. There is also a third umpire who sits with the match referee who in turn oversee the match proceedings. The game of cricket is governed by the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has its headquarters in Dubai, the famous city of the United Arab Emirates. Formerly, it was based in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The laws of cricket are taken care of by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) whereas there are Standard Playing Conditions for Test Matches, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 matches. Incidentally, these three forms of cric ket are the ones that are played by professionals all over the world, and especially in the countries mentioned above. Cricket is played both by men and women. The ICC takes care of both the men’s teams and the women’s teams that are put forward by the individual nations – all of which come under the auspices of the ICC. It is mandatory for all the member nations to comply with the rules and policies as laid down by the ICC so that there are proper standards which are in place as far as the playing conditions, doping issues and other factors are related (Level 1 Coaching Course 2013). Having a uniform set of rules means that the ICC has more control over the member nations and the game of cricket as a whole prospers as there is a parent body that has complete command and control regarding the sport. Cricket has always been historical in terms of its age and grandeur within England. It is due to this reason that its headquarters was in London until the 2000s. The English hold the rights for this sport mainly because they were the ones who started playing it for the first time. The first Test Match was played between England Australia back in the late 1880s. The first One Day International Match was played similarly between these two arch rivals in 1971 and the trend continued so on (Harrison 1999). Cricket has been able to make its mark just a single time –

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Hw6 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hw6 - Article Example Most of my friends being white Americans themselves, they might probably say no, but none of them have done the research. Nevertheless, I would digress on their view about this hypotheses. My independent variables are yearsexp, honors, college, computerskills, volunteer, specialskills, military, workinschool, email and offjobs. I think it is true that job applicants with English American names have a higher chances of attaining employment that applicants with African-American names. I believe that employment discrimination in the job market is real and a serious growing social problem in the society. This is true despite all candidates having valid qualifications both in academic achievement and their working experience. White American employers would prefer working with persons who are from a white race origin. The evaluation in job performance between different applicants can be analyzed in reference to the independent values stipulated for the project. An African American may have the honor in higher learning institution, have five or more years of experience, and be excellent in computer skills, participated in volunteering activities. They may have a military experience and yet face employment discrimination in the job market. Even though he/she has done off-jobs, worked while in school or have special skills, he/she may still face a challenge in fighting off employment discrimination. There is a negative relationship between White American job applicants and Black American Job applicants. Employment discrimination favors White applicants. I think I would recommend the use of initials on the names when writing a curriculum vitae as a control variable. Apparently, employers look at the names of job applicants and form their basis for job discrimination. Applying for jobs with the English and African American names reduces the chances for a person to be provided a chance for an interview for an advertised job

Monday, October 14, 2019

The Types Of Conflicts

The Types Of Conflicts Conflict and negotiation have been a serious matter for organization. As individuals have different thinking or way of doing things different from others, conflict may occur among them. So we will identify those types of conflict happening between individuals in the workplace. Then we will explain the different variety of organization conflict levels. After that we will explain Thomas-Kilmann Model used for conflict issues based on assertiveness and cooperativeness and then discuss the negotiation approaches used when parties are negotiating in something. Another part of the work will be taking about culture and then explain Scheins iceberg model of culture and Handy four dimensions of organizational culture. The last episode will explain about Kurt Lewins three steps of change theory. Introduction Conflict is a normal and natural part of our workplaces and lives. As people with diverse background come together in a working environment, differences in opinion, attitudes and beliefs. However conflict does not submit itself to a single and widely accepted definition, different peoples have given different definitions. Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff( 1971:139) defined the concept as: A Condition in which one identifiable group of human beings is engaged in conscious opposition to one or more other identifiable human groups because the groups are pursing what are or appear to be incompatible goals (Dougherty, 1971). Dougherty and Pfaltzgraffs definition clearly points to the fact that conflict arises out of interaction between and among people. Mc Shane and Olekalns also defined conflict as a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party (Mc Shane Tony, 2010). Types of conflicts: Since all individual have different mindset, it is quite possible that there may be arguments or differences of opinion according certain issues. This take place most often in workplaces. Generally there are many types of conflict but the majority of them are found in places of work because most of our time is spend there. In our situation we will focus on just three types of conflict which is task conflict, relationship conflict and process conflict. Task conflict- task conflict are conflict that happen within a group or team, this type of conflict is focused around the task at hand. It arises when the group members have different viewpoints, opinions and ideas. Example: in a workplace, differences of opinion between the members of a project team on how to market a new product. Relationship conflict- Relationship conflict concerns interpersonal animosities and tensions among individuals themselves rather than the task, it occur because of the presence of strong negative emotions, poor communication or miscommunication. This type of conflict happens every day in our life it is difficult to avoid it. Example: Process conflict: Levels of Conflict: As we have seen, organization conflict can take place at a variety of levels. By far, conflict occurs at various social levels and may include intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup and interorganizational level of conflict. Intrapersonal Conflict occurs between the individual and may involve some form of goal, cognitive or affective conflict. Intrapersonal conflict is unique among the types of conflict, it is the sort of conflict that happens whenever an individual behave. This type of conflict is also known as psychic conflict. It occurs when an organizational is required to perform certain task and role that do not match his or her expertise, interests, goals and values. An example of interpersonal conflict is when an individual is attracted to two desirable goals but cannot pursue both. Interpersonal Conflict involves two or more individuals who believe that their attitudes, behavior or preferred goals are in opposition. This type of conflict between individ uals is a concern for managers because it happens all the time between individuals in the same or different department or even different organizations. An example is conflict that occurs between two different hierarchical levels or units members in the same organization such as superiors and subordinators. Intergroup Conflict refers conflict between groups of individual such as members of different teams, department or groups. The group may be very large such as notions or much smaller social group such engineers or the production managers in a manufactory facility. Interorganizational conflict involve disputes between two or more organizations as a result of interdependence on membership and divisional or system wide success. An example is the competition against two different businesses to one another. Conflict Mode: Thomas-Killmann Model. Conflict arise when people have different views on a subject, the Thomas-Killmann Model can be useful because it focuses on the individual style used most often in conflict issues, this conflict model is based on an access of assertiveness and cooperativeness. The elements of this model are followed: Avoiding, Accommodating, Competing, Compromising and Collaborating. Lets start by the first one Avoiding people using this type think that they evade the conflict entirely, this style is typified by delegating controversial decisions, accepting wrong decisions, and not wanting to hurt anyones feelings. However in many situations this is a weak and ineffective approach to take. The next one is Accommodating, this style indicates a willingness to meet the needs of others at the expense of the persons own needs. The person using this style often knows when to give in to others, but can be persuaded to surrender a position even when it is not warranted. This person is not assertive but is highly cooperative. Accommodation is appropriate when the issues matter more to the other party, when peace is more valuable than winning. After accommodating we tend to Competing, strongly assertive and not inclined to cooperation. This is a power oriented approach, competing is appropriate when quick decisive actions is needed or when an unpopular but necessary course must be followed. This style can be useful when there is an emergency and a decision needs to be make fast. Another style is Compromising, this an intermediate style in both assertiveness and cooperativeness, individuals who prefer a compromising style try to find solution of the problems that will at least partially satisfy everyone. Each person is expected to give up something and the compromiser also expects to abandon something. This approach lead leads to expedient and acceptable outcomes that fall short of ideal but which both parties are willing to accept. The last one is Co llaborating, this is where people try to work together like as they say two heads are better than one. Assertive and cooperative, this involves working with the other party to find a mutual agreeable solution. A collaborator will not be shy to express his or her views. This style is useful when you need to bring together a variety of viewpoints to get the best solution when the situation is too important for a simple trade-off. Below is how the diagram of Thomas-Kilmann model is presented based on assertiveness and cooperativeness. Negotiation Approaches: one distinctive type of conflict management is negotiation, where people engage in give and take discussions and consider various alternatives to reach a joint decision that is acceptable to both parties. Some conflicts require confrontation and negotiation between the parties. The strategy to negotiate requires skill on the part of the negotiator and careful planning before proceeding in negotiation. This process of negotiating involves an open discussion of problem solution. There are two (2) major negotiation approaches which are distributive and integrative. Distributive negotiation is considered the traditional model for handling negotiation. It is an approach in which the goals of one party are in direct conflict with the goals of the other party. In distributive negotiation each party attempts to get as much as they can. One side wants to win which means the other side must lose. With this win-lose approach, distributive negotiation is competitive and a dversarial rather than collaborative and does not lead to positive long term relationship. An example, when negotiating for a used car, if the buyer feels that he got a good deal for the car, he won. But if he walks away feeling that he paid too much for it, he lost. On the other hand, Integrative negotiation is based on a win-win theory, in that all parties want to come up with a creative solution that can benefit both sides. With integrative negotiation, conflicts are managed through cooperation and compromise, which leads trust and positive long term relationship between the parties. Ideally, no one should loose in an integrative negotiation because the parties will sit together to analyze the solution of the problem so that each party will benefit from it and build a strong relationship. Example a trade union negotiating with the employers asking an increase in 2.5% of wages every year with bonus on every Christmas or they would go for strike. The employers suggested 1.5% increa se in wages for every two years and 2 hours of work per day bonus will be given. Therefore, the suggestion is advantageous by both parties. Workers benefit good wages and bonus by only giving an extra two hours. The companys work process will be increased that can tend to an increase in sales and profit. So, with integrative negotiation, both parties won. Organizational Culture: According to Ross, culture is a Particular practices and values common to a population living in a given setting. Schein states that the manifestation of organizational culture occurs at three levels: Artifacts, Beliefs or Values and Attitudes and Basic Assumptions. This model provides a useful approach to analyze the cultural construct based on the degree to which the cultural phenomenon is visible to the observer. Artifacts are the most visible aspects of culture, including language, clothing, manners, food, etc. they represent the physical construct of the organization and its social environment. Organizational artifacts include visible phenomena such as: technology and products, language, rites and rituals, uniforms, myths, organizational stories, symbols and ceremonies. Artifacts are easily visible. The second level of Scheins Iceberg Model of culture Beliefs, Values and Attitudes are those values of cultural group which are not visible, but conscious to the members of the group. Schein argues that the artifacts that we can observe are manifestations of the values that constitute part of the organizational culture. The third is Basic Assumptions; these are invisible and unconscious beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings shared by members of a common culture. These basic assumptions grow from the continuous use of a problem solution that has frequently been successful in the past. This is also a challenge for managers because it is quite a challenge to change something that you cannot see, but what is certain is that basic assumptions profoundly influence a persons actions. Below shows Scheins Iceberg Model of Culture. untitled.bmp Handys four dimension of organizational cultures: Cultures are classified into four major types, Handy described the four of them. Power culture: Handy illustrates the power culture as a spiders web, with the all-important spider sitting in the centre. Typically found in small organizations, everything turns around the main person, all decision taken is made by them and they preserve absolute authority in whatever situation. The success of power culture depends on the capabilities of the focal person. Organizations with this type of culture can respond quickly to events, but they are heavily dependent for their continued success on the abilities of the people at the centre; succession is a critical issue. Role culture: The role culture can be illustrated as a building supported by columns and beams: each column and beam has a specific role to playing keeping up the building. This type of culture is based on the existence of procedures and rule frameworks. The hierarchy and bureaucracy dominate this type of organization. Position is the main power source in the role culture as well as rules and procedures are the chief methods of influence. It finds it difficult to adapt to change; it is usually slow to perceive the need for it and to respond appropriately. Task Culture: Task culture is job-or project-oriented, and its accompanying structure can be best represented as a net. This type culture uses a small team approach, where people are highly skilled and specialized in their own area of expertise. Tendency to change to a role or power culture when resources are limited or when the whole organization is unsuccessful. The expertise within this type of organization is vested in the individual within it and it is them who must be organized in way that it meets the needs of the business. Person Culture: Person culture is an unusual culture in which individuals believe themselves superior to the organization. Clearly, not many organizations can exist with this sort of culture, or produce it, since organizations tend to have some form of corporate objective over and above the personal objectives of those who comprise them. Change Management: Change Theory: Kurt Lewin(1890-1947) wan an American social psychologist who contribute much to the understanding of group dynamics. His model state that changing an organization requires that we shake it out of its equilibrium, effect changes while it is unstable and then allow it to settle into the new, desired equilibriumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. He proposed a three stage theory of change commonly reffered to as unfreezing, change and refreezing. Kurt Lewins Model: Lewins model has influenced many later theory of change management. It describes the way in which many managers plan both strategic and operational change. The three levels are: unfreezing, change and refreezing. Unfreezing involve group discussions in which individuals experience others views and begin to adapt their own. Unfreezing means that destabilizing the present balance of forces that gives the organization or business its stability. He argued that this destabilizing process helps to overcome resistance to change. Change involves moving the unbalanced system in the desire direction. It has sometimes been applied more strictly than the intended. Refreezing is the final step of Lewins three step model, which refers of integrating the change into the organization and resuming the organization actions to regain its equilibrium. Conclusion Recommendation: Conflict happens everywhere. Conflict and negotiation are aspects of operating a business. Business owners face conflict with partners, managers, employees and the general public. Negotiation is often necessary to create an amicable solution for all parties involved in the conflict. Many small or home-based businesses avoid internal conflict and negotiation because owners are primarily responsible for completing business functions. However, external conflict and negotiation occur for most companies in the business environment.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Muhammad Ali Essay -- Sports American History

Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. later known as Muhammad Ali, was a black boxer, and was proud of it. Many African Americans were ashamed of their color, but Ali was different. He was the first boxer to win the Heavyweight Championship 3 different times. He had a great personality and was liked by the people. During his life, he made big decisions that changed the course of his life completely. Muhammad Ali's journey through life was a great inspiration for African American people, but Ali himself deserves the admiration of everyone. Muhammad Ali was a man made to box. He had a great career before him since he made his first professional fight under President Eisenhower presidency. His Professional Career was really impressive. His had a great balance and was able to move his hands and feet in great speed and coordination. Ali was said to dance in the ring while destroying his opponents. Ali started fighting at a very short age, and his first teacher was Joe Martin (Hauser 18). Through hard work and discipline, he became a professional fighter and eventually the Heavyweight champion of the world. Although he lost the title twice, he regained it three times, putting him in the history books. His boxing career was put to an end when he started suffering from Parkinson's disease. This was the end of his boxing, but his greatness will never die. Muhammad Ali was not the kind of person that gets taken away with fame and money. He is a simple, unsophisticated person with a very loving heart, and very determined (Hauser 186). He did not care much about himself, he enjoyed making people happy. While training, he let people come and see him, charging them to see the show. Doing so, he earned about $1000 a day. After the ... ...ons give us all an example of what it is to really believe in something and risk loosing it all for doing what is right. Ali's actions and decisions showed us he was not afraid of failure. His tranquility and determination made some people admire him. He made his decisions and stuck to them. Like he said, "And now the whole world knows that, so far as my own beliefs are concerned, I did what was right for me" (Hauser 172). Works Cited Bingham, Howard. Face to Face with Muhammad Ali. Reader's Digest. Dec. 2001: 90-97. Ebony Magazine http://www.Ebony.com Hauser, Thomas. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York, NY, Bantam Books, 1991 Works Consulted Tyers, Kathy. Muhammad Ali: The Greatest. San Mateo, Ca, IDG Books World Inc.1995 Muhammad Ali Definition of a champ http://www.DefinitionofaChamp.com Jet Magazine http://ww.JetOnline.com

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Far From The Madding Crowd :: essays research papers fc

Far From the Madding Crowd Whether you are of the opinion that love is a wonderful thing, love knows no boundaries, or love is blind, one fact remains constant: love is like a snowflake—no two loves or snowflakes are ever exactly alike. In Thomas Hardy’s Far From the Madding Crowd, the heroine, Bathsheba Everdene, has the luck (or unfortunate mishap) of courting not one, or even two, but three suitors during the course of the novel. Although Bathsheba Everdene could be considered to be in quite an enviable position by many women, both yesterday and presently, she doesn’t always seem to enjoy being courted by her numerous suitors. Most importantly, though, Bathsheba’s character grows and evolves because of, or in spite of, the situations she encounters and eventually overcomes throughout her romantic escapades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Initially, Bathsheba’s character is high-spirited, feminine, naà ¯ve and self-centered. This is the first impression she gives Gabriel Oak, who eventually becomes a suitor, when she encounters him at the beginning of the story. The first time Gabriel lays eyes on Bathsheba, she is gazing admiringly at her own reflection in her pocket mirror. Gabriel realizes immediately that her greatest fault is â€Å"what it is always . . . vanity† (p. 56).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gabriel, although impressed by Bathsheba’s beauty and vivacity, does not immediately begin to court her. He is quite smitten with her from the very beginning of their relationship. Gabriel even goes so far as to repeat her name over and over and is quoted as saying â€Å"I’ll make her my wife, or upon my soul I shall be good for nothing† (p. 74.). He proposes marriage to her, but she admits that she does not love Gabriel and, if they tried to make a relationship work without love, he would grow to despise her. Being the amiable fellow that he proves himself to be throughout the story, Gabriel is quite firm when he tells Bathsheba, â€Å"Very well . . . then I’ll ask you no more† (p. 82).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Hardy might wish his readers to believe that this episode is the end of any romance between Bathsheba and Gabriel, we realize that there is a grain of truth to the phrase â€Å"save the best for last.† Meanwhile, Bathsheba moves on with her new life as mistress of the farm that her recently deceased uncle has left for her. She agrees to hire Gabriel as a shepherd, so he stays in the picture throughout the remainder of the story and witnesses her romance with Mr.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Alfred Marshall

Alfred Marshall became one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, Principles of Political Economy (1890) brought together the theories of supply and demand, of marginal utility and of the costs of production into a coherent whole. It became the dominant economic textbook in England for a long period . Born in London, and educated at St John’s College, Cambridge, Marshall took the mathematics tripos.By 1868 he was college lecturer in moral sciences at St John’s College, with particular responsibility for teaching political economy. In 1885 he became professor at Cambridge University, retiring in 1908. Marshall was regarded as one of the founders of the neoclassical school in economics and the most influential figure in the marginalist tradition of British economics. He dominated economics at Cambridge University almost to his death with many disciples, including A. C. Pigou, the young J. M. Keynes, and D. H. Robertson.His major contributions related to the economics of the stationary state, welfare economics, and partial equilibrium analysis; although claims could be made on his behalf for much that became part of economics textbooks over generations, including innovations relating to utility theory, economies of scale, and supply curves. Marshall saw economics as concerned with those aspects of human behavior open to pecuniary influences and sufficiently regular and ubiquitous to permit statements of broad scope and some persistence.While maintaining that some heeded moral imperatives might be impervious to pecuniary considerations, he conceded that most behaviors lay within the ambit of the measuring rod of money. On the other hand, he emphasized that motivation was not merely a matter of pursuing pecuniary self interest, even broadly conceived to include interests of family and friends. He stressed the human desire for social approbation or distinction, and the pleasures of skilful activity. Marshall developed a number of econ omic theories that main of which are the following:Demand Theory Marshall’s treatment of the theory of demand is sketchy, concentrating on the demand for a single commodity, or commodity group, against a loosely defined background. One of the outcomes of his Demand Theory is that demand price and consumer surplus are proportional to the marginal utility and the utility benefit, respectively, the proportionality factor being the reciprocal of the individual's marginal utility of money. This result is fundamental for Marshall’s welfare analysis.The now-familiar concept of demand elasticity – propor ¬tional quantity change divided by proportional price change -was first defined by Marshall. Production and Long-Period Competitive Supply In deriving the long-period supply curve of a commodity, Marshall envisages production as organized by firms, typically family businesses. Each firm strives to minimize its production costs, substituting one productive factor or pr oduction method for another according to the Principle of Substitution.In its simpler forms this involves marginalist adjustment to bring relative marginal value products into line with relative marginal costs. But more generally, the Principle of Substitution is akin to a natural selection process, being â€Å"a special and limited application of the law of survival of the fittest† . Marshall’s firms do not have costless access to a common production function, but must grope and experiment their way to cost-reducing modifications. The long period supply curve is defined for a given state of general scientific and technical knowledge. But each firm must explore this to some extent anew.The conception of competition in Marshall’s manufacturing case is much closer to later ideas of imperfect or monopolistic competition than to modern notions of perfect competition. Products are differentiated and firms are not price takers. Even if the difficulties of rapidly buil ding up a firm’s internal organization can be overcome, the resulting enlarged output can not be sold at a price covering cost – even granted substantial scale economies in production – without going through the slow process of building up a clientele and shifting the firm's particular demand curve.The time this takes is assumed to be considerable relative to the duration of the firm's initial vitality. But in some cases the difficulties of rapid expansion may be overcome. They may not have been very severe, as when different firms' products are highly substitut ¬able, or the firm's founder may have unusual genius. In such cases the industry will pass into a monopoly or be dominated by a few, strategically-interacting firms, or ‘conditional monopolies’ as Marshall termed them . Price Determination and Period AnalysisThe long-period supply curve for any good indicates for each market quantity the least price at which that quantity will continue ind efinitely to be supplied. The equilibrium price and quantity (long period) are determined by the intersection of this supply curve with the negatively sloped market demand curve, indicating the highest uniform price at which any total quantity can be sold. In an agricultural case, equilibrium will be unique as the supply curve slopes positively. But in a manufacturing case, the supply curve, as well as the demand curve, will have negative slope, so that multiple equilibrium can occur.Equilibrium is adjudged locally stable if demand price is above (below) supply price at a quantity just below (above) the equilibrium quantity. The intuitive justification for this is that the actual price of any available quantity is determined by the demand price, while quantity produced tends to increase whenever an excess of market price over supply price promises high profits, while it tends to decrease in the opposite case. Period analysis is Marshall’s most explicit and self-conscious appl ication of the comparative-static, partial-equilibrium method with which his name will always be associated.As he observed, the most important among the many uses of this method is to classify forces with reference to the time which they require for their work; and to impound in Ceteris Paribus those forces which are of minor importance relatively to the particular time we have in view Normal Value and Normal Profit Normal value is defined as the value which would result â€Å"if the economic conditions under view had time to work out undisturbed their full effect† . It is contrasted with market value, which is â€Å"the actual value at any time† .Normal value is hypothetical, its role being to indicate underlying tendencies. The normal value of a commodity may approximate its average value over periods sufficiently long for the â€Å"fitful and irregular causes† , which dominate market value to cancel out, but this should not be presupposed automatically outsid e a hypothetical stationary state. Profit was viewed by Marshall as the residual income accruing to a firm’s owner, a return to the investment of his own capital and to the pains he suffers in exercising his â€Å"business power† in planning, supervision and control.Normal profit is essentially an opportunity cost, the minimum return necessary to secure the owner’s inputs to their current use, or rather to accomplish this for an owner of normal ability. Marshall presumes that there is a large and elastic supply of versatile actual or potential owner managers of normal ability. In long-period equilibrium each of these must just receive the same normal rates of return on his investment and exercise of business power whatever his line of business. The brief survey of economic theories constructed by Alfred Marshall provides the grounds to maintain that the main field of his activity was macroeconomics.His theories include most of Ten Principles of Economics. Specif ically such principles as ‘People face tradeoffs’ and ‘The cost of something is what you give up to get it’ and ‘Rational people think at the margin’ are considered in his Demand Theory, while principles ‘Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity’ and ‘Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes’ are considered in interrelated markets and distribution theory; and finally the principle ‘Prices rise when the government prints too much money’ is included in his monetary theory.BibliographyMarshall, A. (1893) On Rent. In C. W. Guillebaud, A. Marshall (1961), Principles of Economics. Vol. II , 492 -512.Marshall, A. (1890) The Principles of Economics, Retrieved on Feb. 19, 2007 from http://www. ecn. bris. ac. uk/het/marshall/prin/.Medema, Steven G. , Samuels, Warren J. (Eds. ). (2003) The History of Economic Thought: A Reader. New York: Routledge.O’Brien, D. P. (1981) A. Marshall. In D. P. O’Brien and J. R. Presley (Eds. ), Pioneers of Modern Economics in Britain (36-71). London: Macmillan.Robertson, H. M. (1970) Alfred Marshall’s aims and methods illus ¬trated from his treatment of distribution. History of Political Economy, 2 (1), 1-65.Whitaker, J. K. (1986) The continuing relevance of Alfred Marshall. In R. D. C. Black (Ed. ) Ideas in Economies, London: Macmillan.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Nba Lockout

EPPENGER, JALIL MS. HARRIS ENGLISH 10/3/11 #1. ( why the NBA Lockout hasn’t been a success? ) NBA LOCKOUT I feel the NBA Lockout has been one of the worst, incidents to ever happen, in the history of the NBA. It hasn’t made fans happy and the players in the league have been upset too. I’ve noticed that NBA players have tried to overcome this situation by having different leagues, not associated with the NBA to play in. This has shown there passion and love of the game.The NBA lockout has motivated some players and humbled a lot of them. I noticed that a lot of players have kept working hard and are staying on top of their game throughout this puzzling time. I feel the NBA lockout polarized the summer for NBA basketball. There was nothing to look forward to besides European basketball in the summer. The NFL was able to overcome its problems with contracts and business deals and end their lockout before the season started.I don’t understand why the NBA canâ €™t figure their problem out. The NBA doesn’t have nearly the fan base of the NFL. The severe shortage of the season will really hurt the NBA, much more than the NFL. The last NBA lockout was in 1998-99 season. The year Michael Jordan retired for the second time in his career. It was a horrible time also for the NBA much like this one. This also tarnished the sport of basketball. I wouldn’t be surprised if some NBA players left the NBA to play overseas.The game overseas is more orchestrated, hard-nosed, and skill orientated from what I’ve seen. The NBA is more about star-power and athleticism. I feel a lot of role players in the NBA would flourish more overseas, because they can be given the opportunity to showcase their skills, and gain some recognition for themselves. Overall, I feel the NBA and their players’ association will bargain together to make a productive agreement to resolve this problem just like the NFL did. it will just take longer and be more time consuming.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort Essay

Within the context of theory illustrates a demanding yet creative shaping of plans, structured requirements, and prediction of a provisional, determined, and systematic sight of phenomena (Chinn, 2011). Nursing theory is a crucial function within the nursing practice. Theories afford nurses with the distinctive facets that are in encompassed within patient care and the nursing profession. Clarification of practice governance, and expectations are also integrated within contextual framework of nursing theory. It bestows various manners to acquire data, examine and study, and foresee the practice of nursing and the outcomes of patient care (Parker, 2010). Kolcaba’s middle range theory of comfort captivated my interest because my impression of comfort curtails that of positive patient outcomes. Comfort is not solitary to just physical ailments, but emotional and psychological measures in addition. Throughout my experiences and years as bedside registered nurse, I can attest that patient requests stem largely from the factor of being made comfortable. As stated above, this not only embraces physical comfort, but something unassuming as a comforting touch or positive attitude to render the positive outcome and a content patient. Absorbing how theory influences practice has been an impediment that I have recently overcame. I was unmindful that certain situations and decision making were reinforced through the use of theory. Examination of the importance of nursing theories, more in depth review of Kolcaba’s theory of comfort, and theory of comfort in nursing practice, education, and research will be reviewed further. Importance of Nursing Theories Separately from the governance of practice and foundation for the practice of nursing, theories furthermore propounds opportunities for nurses in the sense of practical application. Measurable changes and enrichment of the profession occur when nursing theories are incorporated into practice. The benefits of having a defined frame of theory in nursing produces superior patient care, heightened professional repute for nurses, progressed interaction among nurses, and direction for exploration of the practice and education. Theories also illustrate the quality of the nursing profession, and serves as a reservoir of knowledge with the examination of the essential requirements of patients and necessary interventions. In addition, specialized rationales are provided. Succeeding medical doctors orders are not exclusively to the context of nursing care. Nursing care incorporates not only a compassionate attitude but passion for care of patients. The caring component of nursing cannot be measured, rather dissected through theory within the clarification of what nurses do. Systemically this is all supported through abundant theories and theorist. The nursing profession emphasizes on holistic care which is defined as treatment of the whole person. Within this skill is the admittance of problems that are biomedical but also opportune clarification of the well-being and health of a human that introduces added indicators of disease that are non-visualized (Powers, 2011). Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort The origination of Kolcaba’s theory of comfort stemmed was first established in the 1900’s. Founder, Katherine Kolcaba, concluded that for a positive patient outcome to accomplished, comfort is a crucial obligation. Katherine organized a representation for exploring, analyzing, and gauging the care of the patient. Historically, she believed that the product of the profession of nursing is comfort. According to Kolcaba (2010), comfort is achieved in a few diverse ways to include transcendence, relief, and ease. Transcendence represents the aptitude to overcome the lack of comfort sensed by patients through their awareness to cease. Patients are able to rise above their challenges. For example, a post-operative below the knee amputee patient may experience great physical pain from the surgery as well as psychological trauma from the intervention. Pushing forward to regain strength and independence would be an instance of transcendence. Relief constitutes any ordered analgesic medication that can be given to the patient or  non-pharmacologic interventions such as distraction or repositioning. This structure of comfort is experienced as relief. Anxiety reducing measures such as anxiolytics or inducing expression through conversation or other forms of communication can be facilitated. These actions can be constituted as placing the patient at ease. In my day to day professional practice experiences, I come across different situations where comfort may be the only measure to take in a particular patients care. Pharmacological therapy interventions are important for adequate relief, but non-pharmacological interventions are just as imperative. A simple caring touch and tone conditions the patient to an enhanced state. This particular theory affords nurses a better comprehension and obligation to comfort in the practice setting. Nurse are the forefront of healthcare. We have the ability to promptly identify the demands the needs of the patient. Kolcaba’s theory of comfort conforms into the nursing metaparadigm with relation to the three concepts presented: transcendence, relief, and ease. There is a clear consensus about the concepts which includes health, nursing, person, and environment of the metaparadigm. Kolcaba elaborated on the four various experience backgrounds that comfort is achieved. These include environmental, physical, social, and psychospiritual (Kolcaba, 2010). Theory of comfort in nursing practice, education, and research Kolcaba’s theory of comfort guides research in assorted ways. It challenges the nurse to examine the correlation among holistic interventions and different comfort measures. It also imposes a contention between comfort and â€Å"health seeking behaviors†. If the product is positive, than it enhances future endeavors and postulates additional motivators to provide comfort. Institutional outcomes are also examined (Koehn, 2000). References Chinn, P.L., & Kramer, M.K. (2011). Integrated theory and knowledge of development in nursing (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier Koehn, M. (2000) Alternative and complementary therapies for labor and birth: an application of Kolcaba’s theory of holistic comfort. Holistic Nursing Practice. 15(1):66-77 Kolcaba, K. (1992). Holistic comfort: Operationalizing the constructs as a nurse-sensitiveOutcome. Advances in Nursing Science, 15(1), 1-10, p. 6. Kolcaba, K. (1994) A theory of holistic comfort for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 19: 1178-1184 Kolcaba, K. & DiMarco, M.A. (2005) Comfort theory and its application to pediatric nursing. Pediatric Nursing, 31(3), 187-194 Parker, M.E., & Smith, M.C. (2010), Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.) Philadelphia, P.A.: F.A. Davis Company Powers, B.A., & Knapp, T.R. (2011). Dictionary of nursing theory and research (4th ed.). York: Springer Publisher Company

Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Intellectual Property - Essay Example The paper the looks at areas for opportunities to devise a new innovative customer-focus service, how and where to search to devise and develop a new customer-focused service idea, and the new services development (NSD) process. The paper then looks at the potential risks and costs that will be determine by the successful development of new or modified services and the intellectual property issues. Finally, the paper makes a conclusion based on the discussions from the research conducted. There has been an increased attention on innovation which is the key to organizational growth and development. Most organizations today face increased competition because of the fast pace of improved technology, and the market external change that has pushed economic and organizational growth. Innovation has become a crucial part of organizations which has been driven by excellent labor force and advanced machinery. Therefore, innovation has become a powerful method of securing a competitive advantage and as a way of defending the strategic position. The research and development plays a crucial role in product and service innovation process. Innovation does not only apply to product or services, but also aims at improving the way people work, live, and play. Innovation has two aspects, which include radical and incremental innovations. Radical innovation refers to a total change in the way people think and use products or manufacture new products as compared to the way they did things before. This form of innovation aims at taking advantage of new technology, thus, creating new opportunities. On the other hand, incremental innovation is involves a day to day change in an organization in order to make sure that there is a continuous improvement in the productivity and quality of products and services through innovation. There are four types of innovation that includes the process

Monday, October 7, 2019

An investigation in to a link between emotional intelligence and Dissertation

An investigation in to a link between emotional intelligence and leadership stylea study in the public sector of South Africa - Dissertation Example However, in the advent of â€Å"emotional intelligence†, the element of human emotions and its effect on self and other people have been seriously considered as an essential factor in leadership. It has brought about a trend in the academic, corporate and political world, bringing a new dimension in the way things are run in organisations affecting company philosophy, policy, mission and vision. In the public sector, with leaders being targeted with scandals about corruption and greediness, good governance needs to be reinstated. Mokgolo et al. (2012) contend that relevant studies on leadership add knowledge that can elevate public service practices with the implementation of effective leadership, retention of valuable staff and quality of service delivery. Such relevant studies include the possession of emotional intelligence in good leadership. Statement of the Problem This study will investigate the possible links between emotional intelligence and effective leadership styl es that may be applicable in the public sector. Specifically, it will explore how it can be applied to the public sector of South Africa. Aims and Objectives The research purports to establish strong links between emotional intelligence and leaders who may be identified as effective and efficient by their subordinates. It will gather sufficient evidence from available literature as well as get first-hand information from subordinates and constituents of public sector leaders in South Africa. It aims to seek a clearer perspective on the importance of emotional intelligence in leadership. It hopes to be a useful resource to future leaders to guide them in the right path in leading the organizations they will be tasked to lead to success. Methodology This qualitative study investigates the importance of emotional intelligence in successful leadership and management in the public sector. Going beyond the surface in the review of literature, this study will probe beneath the issue of lea dership in organisations and delve into the emotional intelligence of leaders or the lack of it. Primary sources will be respondents’ answers to open ended questions in a questionnaire about the leadership styles of the leaders in their respective departments, further elaborated on in a focus group interview conducted on a later date. Secondary sources will be information culled from the literature review. Both sources shall be cross-referenced in a quantitative analysis of the themes that may surface from the questionnaires and focus group discussion. Literature Review Much research has been devoted to the topic of leadership. Yukl (2006) presents a comprehensive collection of studies on leadership, identifying various approaches to leadership. The behavior approach studies the leader’s typical pattern of behaviour to manage and lead. The power-influence approach takes on a more leader-centered perspective in that power is used not only to manage subordinates but also to influence peers, superiors, and even people outside the organization. The situational approach sees leadership as affected by contextual factors such as characteristics of followers, nature of the work performed, the type of organization and the nature of the external environment. Finally, the integrative approach involves more than one type of leadership variable and incorporates other perspectives of leadership (Yukl, 2006). In most of